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Effective Date: Last Updated November 16, 2025

To explain how our algorithm works we are going to analyze a simple scenario:

On the observational side:

“Sitting in a cafeteria, having a latte and reading a book.”

On the algorithmic prototyping side:

What we are going to do is take this small partial sentence and describe it using terms that you could get from books on your digital tablet or at your local library. Here enzymes act as factories, the molecules they generate (whether alive or once-alive) can be either edible or serve as structural support, your brain can be in present state painting a picture perfect and highly accurate real past existence or use some part of that past existence (such as the book itself) to enter the environment containing characters all of which are really in the book and all of which are really on your digital tablet’s book app or at the local library.

If the simple scenario is happening to you in the moment then the parietal lobe of the brain (involving touch) is active where your body is in contact with the chair and the surface of the table.

If made of recycled paper materials, the latte cup is linked to a once-living entity that generated cellulose molecules with the cellulose synthase enzyme. It made the chlorophyll needed to make and pack glucose polymers to make the necessary structure of the molecule.

The contents of the cup itself is made up of coffee beans which came about through starch synthase, also synthesized by the once-living entity but in a different place (inside the cytoplasm as opposed to the plasma membrane of the cell where cellulose is made). At some point in the life cycle of the plant, pollen from the stamen had to reach the stigma to make the coffee bean. To get the stroma-based glucose to where it could eventually become a coffee bean it had to be converted to sucrose and then the same enzyme turned it back into glucose allowing the stamen-to stigma meiosis cell-division cycle to take place.

The latte activates the olfactory bulb with the latte’s scent and the book is providing you with information which is linked to the acetylcholine (learning) neurotransmitters currently in your brain. The input / output signals between you and the environment go through the thalamus.

(you and the environment - This could include your hands contacting the pages of the book, the surface of the table, and even what your eyes detect in the immediate environment such as the tile beneath your feet, other books on shelves, delicacies behind glass and coffee machines)

If the same event has ever happened to you in a memory, your hippocampus is active in the current moment, glutamate (the memory) molecule is being generated from glutamine via the glutaminase enzyme and all of what was just described comes up in your head.

Our algorithm built over a ten-year period is designed to take a simple scenario and see all of the real-life ways it can be expanded using math, chemistry, classical literature and biology. The tools we use to do this are no more sophisticated than that which you can get from the device you’re reading this on. Using the files-to-impressions converter we use our proprietary files and ad network impressions to evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm and improve it accordingly.

We select our files using the ‘Select a Folder’ or ‘Select a File’ button, then we check the list of the uploaded files. If there are any we need to remove we click the red subtraction button.

• your app’s geosphere’s illumination logic
3. Earth as a Quantized Surface
Longitude × latitude discretization allows Earth to be represented mathematically. At 5 decimal places, Earth’s surface contains:
6.48 × 1011 coordinate pairs
≈ 648 billion distinct surface points
Your geosphere uses this quantization as a visual metaphor: each coordinate is a potential location for a biological, chemical, or physical event.
4. Geology and Planetary Chemistry
Hydrothermal vents release mineral-rich water at high temperature.
Though not hot enough to convert CaCO3 → CaO (requires ~900°C), vents fuel:
• early microbial evolution
• chemosynthesis
• global carbon cycles
Volcanoes released much of Earth’s early CO2, shaping the greenhouse conditions that made liquid water possible.
5. Water, Climate, and Life
Water cycles between oceans, soils, and plants:
• Xylem pulls water upward
• Phloem moves sugars bidirectionally
• Wetlands release hundreds of kg of methane per acre each year
• Soils store ~5+ tons of carbon per acre
6. Plants and Light
Morning photons strike grass, exciting chlorophyll electrons and initiating photosynthesis, one
of the key biochemical processes your later enzyme section returns to. Plants richer in chlorophyll → higher sugar production → stronger fruit.

This ties the geosphere’s vegetation patterns directly to enzymatic chemistry.
🧍 SPHERE 2 — THE HUMAN SCALE
Biology · Behavior · Physiology · Hormones
7. Human Cellular Scale
The human body contains 30–40 trillion cells, each specialized:
• Neurons: electrical signaling
• Muscle cells: movement
• Liver cells: detox & metabolism
• Immune cells: defense
8. Brain, Memory, and Neurochemistry
The brain houses:
• 86 billion neurons
• 100 trillion synapses
Neurotransmitters map to enzyme activity:
• Glutamate → learning, memory
• GABA → calming inhibition (via GAD enzyme)
• Dopamine → motivation
• Acetylcholine → attention & muscle control (via ChAT enzyme)
9. Hormones as Regulatory Messengers
Hormones travel through blood and regulate gene expression:
• Insulin (51 aa): converts glucose → glycogen
• Glucagon (29 aa): releases glucose
• Cortisol: stress regulator, increases glutaminase activity

• Ghrelin (28 aa): hunger signal
• Leptin (167 aa): fullness signal
• Growth hormone (191 aa): growth, regeneration
• IGF-1 (70 aa): tissue repair
Plant hormones follow similar logic but move through phloem instead of blood.
10. Human Perception & Motion
Action potentials enable all movement and sensation.
Female voices typically produce shorter wavelengths, higher frequencies, due to vocal fold thickness differences.
✍ SPHERE 3 — THE EVERYDAY OBJECT SCALE
Materials · Tools · Food · Daily Processes
11. Materials in Daily Life
• Glass → SiO2
• Steel → Fe + C
• Concrete → CaCO3 heated → CaO → hydration
• Rubber → hydrocarbon polymers
• Paper → cellulose, chemically whitened
12. Food Chemistry
• Starch stored in amyloplasts
• Glycogen stored in animals for rapid energy
• Amylase breaks starch → glucose
• Sucrose movement depends on auxin and cytokinin in plants

🔬 SPHERE 4 — THE CELL SCALE
Organelles · Metabolism · Early Earth Life
13. Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotes contain nuclei, mitochondria, ER, Golgi, lysosomes. Prokaryotes run respiration on cell membranes — key for early evolution.
14. Organelles and Energy
• Mitochondria → ATP
• ER → lipids & membrane proteins
• Ribosomes → protein synthesis
• Lysosomes → cellular recycling
• Amyloplasts → starch storage
15. Early Microbial Evolution
Chemolithotrophic bacteria:
• fed on minerals from vents
• produced amino acids like glutamate
• shaped the early biosphere
Cyanobacteria later oxygenated the atmosphere, enabling complex life.
🧪 SPHERE 5 — THE MOLECULE SCALE
Amino Acids · Enzymes · Hormone Synthesis · Metabolism
16. Amino Acids and Chirality
Biomolecules rotate polarized light:
• Dextrorotatory → clockwise

• Levorotatory → counterclockwise Chirality determines enzyme specificity.
17. Enzymes — Life’s Molecular Machines
Enzymes are proteins (300–1,000 aa on average) that accelerate reactions by factors of millions.
Key Enzymes with Exact Amino-Acid Counts:
Enzyme
Length
Function
DNA Polymerase III (α)
~1030 aa
DNA replication
RNA Polymerase II (RPB1)
1970 aa
mRNA synthesis
Rubisco (large + small)
475 + 123 aa
Carbon fixation
GAD65
585 aa
Glutamate → GABA
GLS (glutaminase)
602 aa
Glutamine → glutamate (upregulated by cortisol)
ChAT
~748 aa
Acetylcholine synthesis
Glycogen synthase
~737 aa
Glucose → glycogen
Starch synthase
600–750 aa
Glucose → starch
Carbonic anhydrase II
260 aa
pH balance, CO2 hydration
ATP synthase (F1α)
~510 aa
ATP production
These enzymes link environmental factors (Sphere 1) to metabolic outcomes (Sphere 2).
18. Plant & Animal Carbohydrate Pathways
• Light reactions → ATP/NADPH
• Calvin cycle → glucose
• Excess stored as starch (plants) or glycogen (animals)
• Sucrose moves through phloem to fruits, roots, seeds
These processes map geographically onto your geosphere’s plant regions.
⚛ SPHERE 6 — THE ATOM SCALE

Elements · Ionization · Biominerals
19. Number of Atoms
A human body contains ~7 × 1027 atoms — exceeding the number of stars in the observable
universe. Key atoms:
• C, H, O, N → biomolecules
• Fe → hemoglobin + chlorophyll enzymes
• Ca → bones, signaling
• P→DNA,ATP
• S → enzyme active sites
• I → thyroid hormones
20. Ionization and Energy
Reactions depend on:
• electron energies
• orbital transitions
• ionization thresholds
These determine enzyme function, photosynthesis efficiency, and nervous system signaling.
✨ SPHERE 7 — THE SUBATOMIC SCALE
Photons · Electrons · Quantum Transitions
21. Photons and Electron Transitions
A photon is emitted when an electron falls to a lower orbit. The energy difference → the color of light, affecting:

• plant photosynthesis
• human vision
• sensor technology
• geosphere atmospheric coloration
22. Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio → Microwave → Infrared → Visible → UV → X-ray → Gamma All travel at c, but higher frequencies carry more energy.
23. Photoelectric Effect
Light striking a surface ejects electrons. This drives:
• solar panels
• photosensors
• certain atmospheric reactions
24. Quantization
Electrons occupy discrete energy levels, explaining:
• spectral lines
• chemical bonding
• semiconductors
• enzyme cofactor energetics
⭐ Enzymes & Hormones Integrated with the Geosphere
The Feedback Loop
1. Environment → Hormones
Climate, light, food, stress all influence hormonal release.

2. Hormones → Gene Expression
Hormones activate transcription → enzymes are produced.
3. Enzymes → Chemistry of Life
Enzymes build tissues, produce neurotransmitters, regulate metabolism.
4. Enzymes → Hormone Synthesis
Enzymes create hormones from cholesterol, amino acids, lipids.
This loop manifests physically across Earth’s geosphere:
temperate zones → different plant hormones → altered sucrose flows → different human diets → different metabolic enzyme expression.
Plant Hormones (Phytohormones)
• Auxin (IAA) → sucrose to roots
• Cytokinin → sucrose to seeds/flowers
• Jasmonic acid → herbivore defense
• Salicylic acid → pathogen defense
• Tannins → defensive compounds
• Lignin → stem strength
• Florigen → bloom induction
Animal Hormones
• Insulin (51 aa): glucose → glycogen
• Glucagon (29 aa): glycogen → glucose
• Ghrelin (28 aa): hunger
• Leptin (167 aa): fullness
• IGF-1 (70 aa): growth
• Growth hormone (191 aa): tissue regeneration
• LH (121 + 145 aa): ovulation, testosterone
• Thyroid hormones (T3/T4): metabolic rate, keratin turnover

Steroid Hormones (No amino-acid count)
Synthesized from cholesterol:
• Testosterone → muscle mass, beard growth, hair patterns
• DHT → scalp hair miniaturization
• Estrogen → bone density, tissue growth
🔗 BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER — THE GEOSPHERE AS THE UNIFYING MAP
Your geosphere is the spatial index linking every sphere:
• Sphere 1 supplies the photons, minerals, and radiation that shape Earth.
• Sphere 2–3 uses these resources through physiological and behavioral systems.
• Sphere 4–5 use enzymes and hormones to convert energy into life.
• Sphere 6–7 explain the quantum foundations that make chemistry possible.
Everything — from chlorophyll electron jumps to insulin secretion to Rubisco carbon fixation — ultimately maps back onto one location on your geosphere at a specific time.
This is the conceptual backbone of your platform:
all layers of nature stacked on a single coordinate grid.
⭐ Enzymes — Structure, Amino-Acid Counts, and Function
Enzymes are protein catalysts made of chains of amino acids, folded into complex three- dimensional shapes.
Most enzymes contain 300–1,000 amino acids, though some are far larger.
Below is a list of key enzymes relevant to your topics, with real amino-acid counts:

Major Enzymes and Their Actual Amino Acid Lengths 1. DNA Polymerase III (E. coli)
• ~1,030 amino acids (alpha subunit)
• Function: Copies DNA during cell division
2. RNA Polymerase II (humans)
• Largest subunit (RPB1): 1,970 amino acids
• Function: Synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA)
3. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco)
• Large subunit: 475 aa
• Small subunit: 123 aa
• Function: Carbon fixation during photosynthesis
4. Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD)
• Human GAD65: 585 aa
• Function: Converts glutamate → GABA 5. Glutaminase (GLS)
• Human GLS: 602 aa
• Function: Produces glutamate from glutamine
• Cortisol upregulates GLS, increasing glutamate levels
6. Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT)
• ~748 aa
• Function: Produces acetylcholine
7. Glycogen Synthase (GYS1 — muscle)

• ~737 aa
• Function: Converts glucose → glycogen
8. Starch Synthase (Plant)
• 600–750 aa depending on isoform
• Function: Builds starch molecules
9. Carbonic Anhydrase (human CA II)
• 260 aa
• Function: CO2 hydration; essential for respiration and pH balance
10. ATP Synthase (F1 alpha subunit)
• ~510 aa
• Function: Produces ATP from ADP + phosphate
• One of the most ancient enzymes on Earth
⭐ Hormones — Synthesis, Function, and Molecular Specifics
Hormones are signaling molecules synthesized by enzymes.
They regulate gene expression, which in turn controls the production of enzymes, structural proteins, and tissue development.
Hormones fall into four main groups:
1. Peptide hormones (made of amino acids)
2. Steroid hormones (made from cholesterol)
3. Amine hormones (derived from amino acids)
4. Plant hormones (diverse structures)
Below is the detailed, accurate expansion of every hormone you mentioned.

🌿 Plant Hormones (Phytohormones) Auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)
• Site of synthesis: shoot tips, young leaves
• Function: directs sucrose transport to roots, promotes root elongation
• Chemical type: tryptophan derivative
Cytokinin
• Site of synthesis: roots
• Function: promotes cell division, directs sucrose to flowers and seeds
• Key role: flower/fruit development + delaying leaf aging
Jasmonic acid
• Function: defense hormone (wound response, herbivore resistance)
Salicylic acid
• Function: defense hormone against pathogens + systemic acquired resistance
Tannin
• Stored in: vacuoles
• Function: plant defense via bitterness; deters herbivores Lignin
• Stored in: cell walls
• Function: strengthens stems; part of mechanical defense
Florigen
• Function: induces flower formation
• Nature: protein complex produced in leaves

🧠 Animal Peptide & Protein Hormones (Exact Amino Acid Counts Included)
Insulin
• 51 amino acids
• Function: converts glucose → glycogen (liver & muscle) Glucagon
• 29 amino acids
• Function: glycogen → glucose (bloodstream)
Ghrelin
• 28 amino acids
• Function: signals hunger to the brain Leptin
• 167 amino acids
• Function: signals fullness, regulates energy balance
IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1)
• 70 amino acids
• Function: growth, tissue repair, hair-shaft development Growth Hormone (GH)
• 191 amino acids
• Function: growth, metabolism, cell regeneration
🧬 Reproductive Hormones

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• 121 amino acids in the alpha subunit
• 145 amino acids in the beta subunit
• Function: triggers ovulation; supports testosterone production; essential for meiosis
💈 Hair-Follicle Hormones & Keratin Regulation
Hair follicles respond strongly to hormones:
Androgens (Testosterone & DHT)
• Type: steroid hormones
• Function:
◦
stimulate beard growth
◦
Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)
inhibit scalp follicles in pattern baldness
• Not peptides; no amino-acid count (derived from cholesterol)
• Type: iodinated tyrosine derivatives
• Function: regulate keratin turnover and follicle cycling
Growth Hormone & IGF-1
• Promote keratinocyte division
• Increase hair shaft diameter
• Support hair regeneration
🌟 Steroid Hormones (Cholesterol-Based)

Steroid hormones do not have amino-acid counts.
They are synthesized from cholesterol, not from protein sequences.
Testosterone
• Produced in: testes (men), ovaries/adrenal glands (women)
• Function: muscle mass, hair growth, reproductive development
• Lab-synthesized & electronically modeled in virtual humans
Estrogen (Estradiol)
• Produced in: ovaries, adipose tissue
• Function: bone health, reproductive system, tissue growth
• Also has synthetic and virtual human simulation equivalents
📌 SUMMARY — The Integration
Enzymes → build the body
(by catalyzing reactions and producing neurotransmitters, hormones, sugars, ATP) Hormones → regulate the body
(by controlling gene expression and enzyme synthesis) Both systems form a feedback loop:
• Hormones activate genes → genes produce enzymes
• Enzymes synthesize hormones → hormones regulate more genes